![]() ![]() Severe anaemia, those with low haemoglobin 2.5 times more vulnerable to picaĬraving rates: ice 53.7% ice and frost 14.6% carbonate, starch, baby powder, earth or mud 8.2% Higher prevalence among black women than white women ![]() As we will discuss below, there are some similarities between these populations and patients with CKD, particularly in terms of having anaemia. In children with pica, however, more common findings are malnutrition, intestinal parasitic disease and anaemia. Studies on pica and pregnancy show that most pregnant women with pica have low haemoglobin and haematocrit levels and iron and zinc deficiencies. 2 Table 1 shows a list of epidemiological studies 3–9 in populations vulnerable to pica (pregnant women, children and subjects with autism) and their clinical and pathophysiological findings. they are being treated for a new episode even though they were on treatment, and this highlights the great difficulty of completely eliminating this type of behaviour. More importantly, we know that 37% of patients are repeat offenders, i.e. Unfortunately, in up to 30% of cases seen for this type of complication, the history of pica is unknown, meaning they had not been diagnosed prior to this episode. Pica is one of the most dangerous self-destructive behaviours of people with mental disorders. The results of our literature search are described throughout this article. To include as much information as possible, there was no restriction on time frame or place of publication, as long as they were published in English or Spanish, as we did not have the support of translators from other languages. To identify studies assessing the presence of pica and associated factors in patients with CKD, we carried out a search in the databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database, EBSCO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and PsycINFO, with combinations of the following set of keywords: pica, eating disorder, rumination syndrome, chronic kidney disease, kidney damage, renal failure, nephropathy, dialysis, renal replacement therapy, epidemiology, prevalence, risk factors, consequences, complications. With this article we present the current evidence on the characteristics, frequency and consequences of pica in patients with CKD. It may also lead to exacerbation of malnutrition, although that and the worsening of ingestion remain unproven due to the lack of scientific articles on this subject. For example, pica can cause severe anaemia, electrolyte imbalance and problems absorbing micro and macronutrients. The complications of pica found in the general population can be exacerbated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), as some of these problems already occur as a result of the kidney damage. Adicionalmente, los clínicos, al no investigar la presencia de pica o sus complicaciones contribuyen a la falta de información acerca de la magnitud y la relevancia de este trastorno de la conducta alimentaria en la ERC.ĭepending on which discipline is studying pica, it has been interpreted as an eating disorder, a behavioural problem, a symptom of mental illness, an expression of nutrient deficiency, abandonment, neglect, poverty or hunger and, from a cultural point of view, (not a disorder) as a “beneficial” adjustment at times a cause and other times a consequence, at times a well-defined entity and other times a non-specific symptom of some underlying process. La ingesta de sustancias no calóricas y no nutricionales podría ser perjudicial por los efectos en la saciedad y en el descontrol metabólico/electrolítico, y por afectar la biocompatibilidad de los micronutrientes, toxinas y patógenos, lo que finalmente puede empeorar el estado de salud.Įn la práctica diaria es posible que la pica resulte subreportada debido a la vergüenza del paciente a reconocerlo, o el miedo a que dicho comportamiento pueda influir en su tratamiento. La pica como entidad individual en el paciente con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) no ha sido ampliamente estudiada, a pesar de que se ha reportado una alta prevalencia en esta población, y de que las complicaciones propias de la pica (anemia, alteración en electrolitos, mala absorción de micro y macronutrientes y desnutrición) podrían verse exacerbadas en la ERC, lo cual limitaría alcanzar una mejor calidad de la terapia de remplazo renal. ![]()
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